{"id":620,"date":"2017-12-21T14:11:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-21T14:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/?page_id=620"},"modified":"2018-05-21T12:18:51","modified_gmt":"2018-05-21T12:18:51","slug":"red-spruce-fraser-fir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/red-spruce-fraser-fir\/","title":{"rendered":"Red Spruce-Fraser Fir Forest"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.0.106″ background_color=”rgba(0,104,78,0.2)”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_post_title meta=”off” featured_placement=”background” text_background=”on” text_bg_color=”rgba(242,242,242,0.9)” admin_label=”Red Spruce- Fraser Fir Forest” _builder_version=”3.0.92″ title_font=”Verdana||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#343434″ title_font_size=”31px” border_radii=”on|0px|0px|0px|0px” text_orientation=”center”][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.3.1″]<\/p>\n

The Red Spruce\u2013Fraser Fir Forest type is distinguished from all other plant communities by a canopy dominated or codominated by red spruce (Picea rubens<\/em>) or mountain ash (Sorbus americana<\/em>) occurring on high mountains, with or without Fraser fir (Abies fraseri<\/em>) or hardwoods. The understory may consist of deciduous shrubs, herbs, and mosses, or a substantial evergreen heath\/rhododendron layer, generally associated with more exposed topography.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2018\/03\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-21-at-10.56.44-AM.png” url=”http:\/\/sernecportal.org\/portal\/collections\/map\/index.php?clid=4534&cltype=vouchers&taxonfilter=&db=all&maptype=occquery&type=1&reset=1″ url_new_window=”on” use_overlay=”on” overlay_icon_color=”#592c88″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(193,168,117,0.12)” hover_icon=”%%28%%” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ box_shadow_style=”preset1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#0060aa”] Click the image for an interactive map
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_button button_url=”http:\/\/sernecportal.org\/portal\/checklists\/checklist.php?cl=4534&emode=0″ url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Dynamic Species List” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”30px” button_text_color=”#0060aa” button_bg_color=”rgba(42,130,53,0.43)” button_border_width=”3px” button_border_color=”#0060aa” button_font=”Amiko||||||||”][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_toggle title=”Static Species List” open_toggle_text_color=”#0060aa” open_toggle_background_color=”rgba(42,130,53,0.43)” closed_toggle_text_color=”#0060aa” closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(42,130,53,0.43)” icon_color=”#0060aa” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ title_font=”Amiko||||||||” title_font_size=”30px” body_font=”Amiko||||||||” body_text_align=”center” body_text_color=”#0060aa” border_radii=”on|3px|3px|3px|3px” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#0060aa” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”75%” module_alignment=”center”]Red Spruce-Fraser Fir Forest<\/p>\n

Families: 43
\nGenera: 102
\nSpecies: 146 (species rank)
\nTotal Taxa: 150 (including subsp. and var.)
\nADOXACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Viburnum cassinoides<\/a><\/p>\n

ANACARDIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhus copallina<\/a><\/p>\n

Toxicodendron radicans<\/a><\/p>\n

ANDREAEACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Andreaea rupestris<\/a><\/p>\n

AQUIFOLIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Ilex beadlei<\/a><\/p>\n

Ilex montana<\/a><\/p>\n

ASPARAGACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Maianthemum canadense<\/a><\/p>\n

ASPLENIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Asplenium montanum<\/a><\/p>\n

ASTERACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium<\/a><\/p>\n

Aster divaricatus<\/a><\/p>\n

Erigeron pulchellus<\/a><\/p>\n

Erigeron strigosus<\/a><\/p>\n

Eupatorium pilosum<\/a><\/p>\n

Eurybia divaricata<\/a><\/p>\n

Helianthus divaricatus<\/a><\/p>\n

Helianthus hirsutus<\/a><\/p>\n

Krigia montana<\/a><\/p>\n

Liatris aspera<\/a><\/p>\n

Liatris helleri<\/a><\/p>\n

Liatris spicata<\/a><\/p>\n

Liatris squarrosa<\/a><\/p>\n

Oclemena acuminata<\/a><\/p>\n

Packera anonyma<\/a><\/p>\n

Packera millefolia<\/a><\/p>\n

Packera millefolium<\/a><\/p>\n

Prenanthes roanensis<\/a><\/p>\n

Rudbeckia triloba<\/a><\/p>\n

Solidago glomerata<\/a><\/p>\n

Solidago spithamaea<\/a><\/p>\n

Symphyotrichum patens<\/a><\/p>\n

Symphyotrichum puniceum<\/a><\/p>\n

Symphyotrichum retroflexum<\/a><\/p>\n

Symphyotrichum undulatum<\/a><\/p>\n

BETULACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Alnus viridis<\/a><\/p>\n

Betula alleghaniensis<\/a><\/p>\n

Betula lenta<\/a><\/p>\n

Ostrya virginiana<\/a><\/p>\n

BRYACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Pohlia sp.<\/a><\/p>\n

CARYOPHYLLACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Arenaria uniflora<\/a><\/p>\n

Minuartia glabra<\/a><\/p>\n

Mononeuria groenlandica<\/a><\/p>\n

Paronychia argyrocoma<\/a><\/p>\n

CEPHALOZIELLACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Cephaloziella massalongi<\/a><\/p>\n

Cephaloziella obtusilobula<\/a><\/p>\n

Cephaloziella spinicaulis<\/a><\/p>\n

CISTACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Crocanthemum bicknellii<\/a><\/p>\n

Crocanthemum propinquum<\/a><\/p>\n

CLADONIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Cladonia sp.<\/a><\/p>\n

Gymnoderma lineare<\/a><\/p>\n

CRASSULACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Sedum glaucophyllum<\/a><\/p>\n

Sedum rosea<\/a><\/p>\n

Sedum telephioides<\/a><\/p>\n

CUPRESSACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Juniperus virginiana<\/a><\/p>\n

CYPERACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex aestivalis<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex biltmoreana<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex brunnescens<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex communis<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex debilis<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex foenea<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex intumescens<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex misera<\/a><\/p>\n

Carex pensylvanica<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhynchospora capitellata<\/a><\/p>\n

Trichophorum cespitosum<\/a><\/p>\n

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Dennstaedtia punctilobula<\/a><\/p>\n

Pteridium aquilinum<\/a><\/p>\n

ERICACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Gaultheria procumbens<\/a><\/p>\n

Gaylussacia baccata<\/a><\/p>\n

Kalmia buxifolia<\/a><\/p>\n

Kalmia latifolia<\/a><\/p>\n

Menziesia pilosa<\/a><\/p>\n

Pieris floribunda<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron carolinianum<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron catawbiense<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron cumberlandense<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron minus<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron prinophyllum<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhododendron vaseyi<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium constablaei<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium corymbosum<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium erythrocarpum<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium simulatum<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium stamineum<\/a><\/p>\n

Vaccinium vacillans<\/a><\/p>\n

FAGACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Quercus rubra<\/a><\/p>\n

HYLOCOMIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhytidium rugosum<\/a><\/p>\n

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Trichomanes intricatum<\/a><\/p>\n

HYPERICACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Hypericum buckleyi<\/a><\/p>\n

JUNCACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Juncus trifidus<\/a><\/p>\n

JUNGERMANNIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Anastrophyllum saxicola<\/a><\/p>\n

Lophozia attenuata<\/a><\/p>\n

Lophozia barbata<\/a><\/p>\n

Lophozia excisa<\/a><\/p>\n

Lophozia hatcheri<\/a><\/p>\n

Mylia taylorii<\/a><\/p>\n

Nardia scalaris<\/a><\/p>\n

LEPIDOZIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Bazzania nudicaulis<\/a><\/p>\n

LYCOPODIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Huperzia selago<\/a><\/p>\n

Lycopodium clavatum<\/a><\/p>\n

MELANTHIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Trillium undulatum<\/a><\/p>\n

ORCHIDACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Listera smallii<\/a><\/p>\n

Spiranthes cernua<\/a><\/p>\n

OROBANCHACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Agalinis purpurea<\/a><\/p>\n

PAPAVERACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Corydalis sempervirens<\/a><\/p>\n

PINACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Abies fraseri<\/a><\/p>\n

Picea rubens<\/a><\/p>\n

Pinus pungens<\/a><\/p>\n

Tsuga canadensis<\/a><\/p>\n

Tsuga caroliniana<\/a><\/p>\n

POACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Agrostis mertensii<\/a><\/p>\n

Andropogon scoparius<\/a><\/p>\n

Calamagrostis cainii<\/a><\/p>\n

Cinna latifolia<\/a><\/p>\n

Danthonia compressa<\/a><\/p>\n

Danthonia spicata<\/a><\/p>\n

Deschampsia cespitosa var. glauca<\/a><\/p>\n

Deschampsia flexuosa<\/a><\/p>\n

Dichanthelium depauperatum<\/a><\/p>\n

Eragrostis hirsuta<\/a><\/p>\n

Milium effusum<\/a><\/p>\n

Panicum depauperatum<\/a><\/p>\n

Phleum pratense<\/a><\/p>\n

Schizachyrium scoparium<\/a><\/p>\n

Trisetum spicatum<\/a><\/p>\n

POLYGALACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Polygala cruciata<\/a><\/p>\n

Polygala sanguinea<\/a><\/p>\n

POLYTRICHACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Polytrichum appalachianum<\/a><\/p>\n

POTTIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Leptodontium flexifolium<\/a><\/p>\n

ROSACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Amelanchier arborea<\/a><\/p>\n

Aronia melanocarpa<\/a><\/p>\n

Geum radiatum<\/a><\/p>\n

Potentilla canadensis<\/a><\/p>\n

Sanguisorba canadensis<\/a><\/p>\n

Sibbaldiopsis tridentata<\/a><\/p>\n

Sorbus americana<\/a><\/p>\n

RUBIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Houstonia longifolia var. glabra<\/a><\/p>\n

Houstonia montana<\/a><\/p>\n

Houstonia purpurea<\/a><\/p>\n

Houstonia serpyllifolia<\/a><\/p>\n

SALICACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Populus grandidentata<\/a><\/p>\n

SAXIFRAGACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Heuchera americana<\/a><\/p>\n

Heuchera villosa<\/a><\/p>\n

Saxifraga michauxii<\/a><\/p>\n

SELAGINELLACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Selaginella tortipila<\/a><\/p>\n

TOFIELDIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Triantha glutinosa<\/a><\/p>\n

UMBILICARIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Lasallia papulosa<\/a><\/p>\n

Umbilicaria sp.<\/a><\/p>\n

WOODSIACEAE<\/a><\/p>\n

Cystopteris tenuis<\/a><\/p>\n

Gymnocarpium sp.<\/a><\/p>\n

Woodsia appalachiana<\/a>
\n[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Red Spruce\u2013Fraser Fir Forest type is distinguished from all other plant communities by a canopy dominated or codominated by red spruce (Picea rubens) or mountain ash (Sorbus americana) occurring on high mountains, with or without Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) or hardwoods. The understory may consist of deciduous shrubs, herbs, and mosses, or a substantial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":763,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"

Concept: Type covers naturally, or apparently naturally, non-forested high mountain communities dominated by shrubs in the Ericaceae. Catawba Rhododendron Subtype covers examples dominated by Rhododendron catawbiense, with or without abundant Kalmia latifolia or Vaccinium spp., generally on high elevation narrow ridgetops, broad high elevation domes, or in smaller patches bordering rock outcrops. Other subtypes are dominated by different ericaceous shrub species, such as Pieris floribunds, Kalmia buxifolia, or Rhododendron carolinianum, or by the bedrock substrate, such as the Slate Subtype occurring in the Great Smoky Mountains.<\/p>

Distinguishing Features: Heath Balds are distinguished from all other community types by the dominance of dense shrubs (other than Alnus viridis <\/em>var. crispa<\/em>), with natural absence or near absence of tree cover, in topographically exposed, high elevation, convex slope sites, and without significant bare rock or herb cover.<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-620","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P9lfec-a0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=620"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1848,"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions\/1848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/affiliate.wcu.edu\/montane-island-plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}